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Victor Reppert (born 1953) is an American philosopher best known for his development of the "argument from reason". He is the author of ''C.S. Lewis's Dangerous Idea'' (2003) and numerous academic papers in journals such as ''Christian Scholars' Review'', ''International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion'', ''Philo'', and ''Philosophia Christi''. He is also a philosophy blogger, with two blogs.〔(Dangerous Idea ) and (Dangerous Idea 2 )〕 He holds a Ph.D. in philosophy (1989) from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.〔()〕 ==The argument from reason== Reppert first became interested in the argument from reason after a conversion experience at the age of 18. He became aware that while unbelievers like Bertrand Russell claimed to be more rational than believers, Christians like C. S. Lewis claimed not only that their belief is more rational than unbelief, but that the argument from reason shows that the very capacity to reason is itself a reason to think that the naturalism espoused by unbelievers is false. When he read G. E. M. Anscombe's critique of Lewis's argument, Reppert became persuaded that the argument could be formulated in such a way as to overcome Anscombe's objections. His paper "The Lewis-Anscombe Controversy: A Discussion of the Issues"〔Victor Reppert. "The Lewis-Anscombe Controversy: A Discussion of the Issues", ''Christian Scholars' Review'' 19, no 1 (September 1989): 32-48.〕 was the result.〔(QCI Interview: Dr. Victor Reppert on the "Argument from Reason" )〕 In 1998, Reppert posted his paper "The Argument from Reason"〔Victor Reppert. ("The Argument from Reason (1998)" )〕 to the Secular Web. In 1999 a slightly revised version of the same paper〔Victor Reppert. "The Argument from Reason", ''Philo'', 2, no. 1 (Spring-Summer 1999).〕 appeared, with a response by Jim Lippard,〔Jim Lippard. "Historical but Indistinguishable: Some Notes on Victor Reppert's Paper", ''Philo'' 2, no. 1 (Spring-Summer 1999): 45-47.〕 in the humanist journal ''Philo''. In the same issue, Keith M. Parsons, the then editor of ''Philo'', presented some arguments against Reppert's conclusions in the course of a review of Thomas Nagel's ''The Last Word'', so in 2000 Reppert wrote a "Reply to Parsons and Lippard",〔Victor Reppert. "Reply to Parsons and Lippard on the Argument from Reason", ''Philo'', 3, no. 1 (Spring-Summer 2000): 76-89.〕 to which Parsons responded by writing the first full-dress attempt to refute Reppert's argument.〔Keith M. Parsons. "Further Reflections on the Argument from Reason", ''Philo'', 3, no. 1 (Spring-Summer 2000): 90-102.〕 Reppert's reply to Parsons was the paper "Causal Closure, Mechanism, and Rational Inference",〔Victor Reppert. "Causal Closure, Mechanism, and Rational Inference: A Response to Keith Parsons", ''Philosophia Christi'', 2nd series, 3, no. 2 (2001): 473-484.〕 which, since he felt it was time that more Christian philosophers were familiarized with the argument and related issues,〔 appeared in 2001 in ''Philosophia Christi''. In 2003 ''Philosophia Christi'' featured a "Symposium on the Argument from Reason", consisting of a paper by Reppert,〔Victor Reppert. "Several Formulations of the Argument from Reason", ''Philosophia Christi'', 2nd series, 5, no. 1 (2003): 9-34.〕 responses by Theodore M. Drange, William Hasker and Keith Parsons, and a second paper by Reppert replying to these three critics.〔Victor Reppert. "Some Supernatural Reasons Why My Critics Are Wrong", ''Philosophia Christi'', 2nd series, 5, no. 1 (2003): 77-89.〕 Also in 2003, Reppert published his book ''C. S. Lewis's Dangerous Idea''. The title alludes to Daniel Dennett's ''Darwin's Dangerous Idea'', in which Dennett contrasted two types of explanation: one type is "mind-first" (that is to say, "in the last analysis ... purposeful and intentional"), whereas the other type "makes the explanation a feature of the system that in the last analysis is a product of the mindless system of physics and chemistry." For Dennett, Reppert observes, Darwin's dangerous idea is that the latter "are the only acceptable types of explanation", a position that "has become orthodoxy in such varied disciplines as evolutionary biology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence", as well as "in Anglo-American philosophy in general". C. S. Lewis's dangerous idea, by contrast, is that the attempt entirely to account for the world in such terms "overlooks something very important: the world thus analyzed has to have scientists in it. And scientists draw their conclusions from evidence, and in so doing they engage in rational inference.... Lewis's contention was that ... if you tried to account for the activity of reasoning as a byproduct of a fundamentally nonpurposive system, you end up describing something that cannot genuinely be called reasoning."〔Victor Reppert. ''C. S. Lewis's Dangerous Idea'', Downers Green, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2003: 8-9.〕 In ''Darwin's Dangerous Idea'', Dennett calls Darwin's idea "wonderful", "magnificent", and "the single best idea anyone has ever had", and says that his (Dennett's) admiration for it is "unbounded".〔Daniel Dennett. ''Darwin's Dangerous Idea'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995: 21.〕 Reppert observes that "If Darwin's dangerous idea is a true explanation of how Darwin got his dangerous idea, then the idea cannot possibly be the intellectual monument that Dennett supposes it to be."〔 ''C. S. Lewis's Dangerous Idea'' attracted a lot of response, including some comments by critics, most notably Richard C. Carrier, who on Internet Infidels called the book "surely the most extensive defense of the so-called 'Argument from Reason' yet to appear in print."〔Richard C. Carrier. ("Critical Review of Victor Reppert's Defense of the Argument from Reason (2004)" )〕 Carrier's review "is about as long as the book itself", Reppert noted only half-jokingly, before going on to respond to some of Carrier's criticisms.〔Victor Reppert. "Defending the Dangerous Idea: An Update on Lewis's Argument from Reason", in David Baggett, Gary R. Habermas and Gerry L. Walls (eds), ''C. S. Lewis as Philosopher: Truth, Goodness and Beauty'', Downers Green, Illinois: IVP Academic, 2008: 53-67.〕 Another response to Carrier's review came from Darek Barefoot, who, while he did not "find all of Reppert's arguments to be persuasive and all of Carrier's criticisms to be off-target", believed that the core of the argument from reason "is sound and that Reppert's book is a landmark contribution to the subject."〔Darek Barefoot. ("A Response to Richard Carrier's Review of ''C. S. Lewis's Dangerous Idea'' (2007)" )〕 Barefoot argued that Reppert had made a strong case for Lewis's claim "that the process of inference by which consideration of premises causes us to adopt a conclusion cannot be coherently conceived of in terms of physical cause-and-effect alone." Furthermore, if Reppert's version of the Argument from Reason "is successful, it reveals that rationality is fundamental to the universe, not simply a by-product of physical cause-and-effect; and this, in turn, is readily explicable on theism, but problematic for naturalism."〔(Darek Barefoot: Abstract )〕 Jim Lippard, reporting a lecture by Daniel Dennett at Arizona State University in 2009, recounted that Dennett had coined the disparaging term "mind-creationists" for those who argue that original intentionality is an irreducible feature of the world. Lippard noted that the "mind-creationists" whom Dennett had in his sights included atheists like Thomas Nagel, John Searle and Jerry Fodor as well as believers like Victor Reppert.〔Jim Lippard. ("Daniel Dennett at ASU" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Victor Reppert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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